\n\nThis research was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute (R01 HG004500 and P50 Pexidartinib datasheet HG003390). None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare.”
“Despite decades of study, electron

flow and energy conservation in methanogenic Archaea are still not thoroughly understood. For methanogens without cytochromes, flavin-based electron bifurcation has been proposed as an essential energy-conserving mechanism that couples exergonic and endergonic reactions of methanogenesis. However, an alternative hypothesis posits that the energy-converting hydrogenase Eha provides a chemiosmosis-driven electron input to the endergonic reaction. In vivo evidence for both hypotheses is incomplete. By genetically eliminating all nonessential pathways of H-2 metabolism in the model methanogen Methanococcus

maripaludis and using formate as an additional electron donor, we isolate electron flow for methanogenesis from flux through Eha. We find that Eha does not function stoichiometrically for methanogenesis, implying that electron bifurcation must operate find more in vivo. We show that Eha is nevertheless essential, and a substoichiometric requirement for H-2 suggests that its role is anaplerotic. Indeed, H-2 via Eha stimulates methanogenesis from formate when intermediates are not otherwise replenished. These results fit the model for electron bifurcation, which renders the methanogenic pathway cyclic, and as such requires the replenishment of intermediates. Defining a role for Eha and verifying electron bifurcation provide a complete model of methanogenesis where all necessary electron inputs are accounted for.”
“BackgroundAutophagy is a catabolic process involving

the degradation PXD101 solubility dmso of cells’ own unnecessary, injured, or aged proteins and recycling of degraded products to maintain hemostasis. Recently, studies indicated that autophagy plays a crucial role in cancer development. However, the role of autophagy in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has not been well documented. This study aims to assess the expression of autophagy-related protein and investigate its effect on TSCC.\n\nMaterials and methodsArchival 50 TSCC samples were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the expression of Beclin1 and LC3. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess the associations among clinicopathologic parameters. In vitro, cells were treated with rapamycin or 3-MA. Then, qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression of Beclin1 and LC3. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to identify autophagsomes. For functional analysis, cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated with MTT assay and flow cytometer, respectively. At last, cell migration and invasion potentials were assessed by wound healing assay and transwell assay.

These findings should be confirmed with larger samples, and for other diseases.”
“Two structurally interesting new norlignans named 2-hydroxy-4-[4-hydroxyphenyl-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)]-3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran

(1) (pouzolignan A), and 1,4-dihydroxy-3[4-hydroxyphenyl-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)]-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)butane (2) (pouzolignan B), were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of the methanol extract of Pouzolzia occidentalis. Compound 3, the methyl ether of 1, most likely an artifact, was also isolated. PF-01367338 The overall structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated largely by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral data. (C) 2009 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Aphids are, arguably, the single most damaging group of agricultural insect pests throughout the world. Plant tolerance, which is a plant response HIF inhibitor review to an insect pest, is viewed as an excellent management strategy. Developing testable hypotheses

based on genome-wide and more focused methods will help in understanding the molecular underpinnings of plant tolerance to aphid herbivory. As a first step in this process, we undertook transcript profiling with Affymetrix GeneChip Barley Genome arrays using RNA extracted from tissues of tolerant and susceptible genotypes collected at three hours, three days and six days after Diuraphis noxia introduction. Acquired data were compared to identify changes unique to the tolerant barley at each harvest selleck products date. Transcript abundance of 4086 genes was differentially changed over the three harvest dates in tolerant and susceptible barley in response to D. noxia feeding. Across the three harvest dates, the greatest number of genes was differentially expressed in both barleys at three days after aphid

introduction. A total of 909 genes showed significant levels of change in the tolerant barley in response to D. noxia feeding as compared to susceptible plants infested with aphids. Many of these genes could be assigned to specific metabolic categories, including several associated with plant defense and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). interestingly, two peroxidase genes, designated HvPRXA1 and HvPRYA2, were up-regulated to a greater degree in response to D. noxia feeding on tolerant barley plants, indicating that specific peroxidases could be important for the tolerance process. These findings suggest that the ability to elevate and sustain levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes could play an important role in the tolerant response.”
“Objective To determine the relationship between beliefs, motivation, and worries about physical activity and physical activity participation in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).\n\nMethods. A cross-sectional study used baseline data from 185 adults with RA enrolled in a randomized clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of an intervention to promote physical activity.

We designed liposomes JQ-EZ-05 ic50 (LPs) with controlled diameter of around 300 nm, and modified them with a specific ligand and a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) (a dual-ligand LP) for targeting CD13-expressing neovasculature in a renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We modified the LPs with an NGR motif peptide on the top of poly(ethylene glycol) and tetra-arginine (R4) on the surface of the liposome membrane as a specific and CPP ligand, respectively. The large size prevented extravasation of

the dual-ligand LP, which allowed it to associate with target vasculature. While a single modification with either the specific or CPP ligand showed no increase in targetability, the dual-ligand enhanced the amount of delivered liposomes after systemic administration to OS-RC-2 xenograft mice. The anti-tumor activity of a dual-ligand LP encapsulating doxorubicin was evaluated and the results were compared with Doxil (R), which is clinically used to target tumor cells. Even though Doxil showed no anti-tumor activity, the dual-ligand LP suppressed tumor growth because the disruption of tumor vessels was efficiently induced. The comparison showed that tumor endothelial cells (TECs) were more sensitive to doxorubicin by 2 orders than RCC tumor cells, and the disruption of tumor vessels was efficiently induced. Collectively, the dual-ligand LP is

promising carrier for the treatment of drug resistant RCC via the disruption of TECs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.”
“Heavy ion test results show worst-case test conditions for single-event gate rupture (SEGR) PF-00299804 mw of power MOSFETs. Contrary to common belief, the worst-case ion condition for SEGR is not the ion with the deepest penetration depth in the device or highest LET at the die surface, but the

ion beams with Bragg Peak positioned at or near the interface of the epitaxial layer and the highly doped substrate. The factors that have significant impact on SEGR thresholds are evaluated and discussed. Bafilomycin A1 in vivo The factors that are considered include: ion beam, drain bias, gate bias, ion species, ion range, surface LET and the construction layer of the power DMOSFET. An estimated worst-case ion range table for krypton, xenon and gold is provided for reference.”
“Numerical simulations of geometrical and electromagnetic effects on the distributions of the magnetic induction, the electric field, the current density, the power loss density, and the hysteretic ac loss of a type-II superconductor strip exposed to an oscillating transverse magnetic field are performed by resorting to the quasistatic approximation of a vector potential approach. The underlying definition of the superconducting constituent makes use of a generalized “smoothed” Bean model of the critical state, which includes the field dependence of the induced current as well.

01). Of 26 children, 22 (84 %) achieved clinical remission; 20 (76 %) biochemical remission.

Fifteen (58 %) had early good endoscopic response (11 complete, 4 near complete MH) and 3/14 (21 %) had complete transmural remission of ileal Compound C CD (MRE-CD: 0-1). Early good endoscopic response was associated with reduced endoscopic confirmed relapse (53 vs. 100 %, p = 0.02), anti-TNF use (33 vs. 88 %, p = 0.01) and hospitalisation (40 vs. 88 %) at 1 year. EEN is effective for inducing early clinical, biochemical, mucosal and transmural remission. Early endoscopic remission improves outcomes at 1 year.”
“Background: The NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare but fatal cancer for which systematic testing of therapy options has never been performed. Methods: On the basis of disease biology, we compared the efficacy of the CDK9 inhibitor flavopiridol (FP) with a panel of anticancer agents in NMC cell lines and mouse xenografts. Results: In vitro anthracyclines, topoisomerase inhibitors, and microtubule poisons were among

the most cytotoxic drug classes for NMC cells, while efficacy of the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 varied considerably between lines carrying different BRD4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4)-NUT (nuclear protein in testis) translocations. Efficacy of FP was comparable to vincristine and doxorubicin, drugs that have been previously used in NMC patients. All three compounds showed significantly better activity than etoposide and vorinostat, agents that have also been used in NMC patients. Statins and antimetabolites demonstrated intermediate single-agent efficacy. In vivo, vincristine significantly inhibited tumour growth in two different NMC xenografts. BMS-777607 purchase Flavopiridol in vivo was significantly effective in one of the two NMC

xenograft Small Molecule Compound Library lines, demonstrating the biological heterogeneity of this disease. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that FP may be of benefit to a subset of patients with NMC, and warrant a continued emphasis on microtubule inhibitors, anthracyclines, and topoisomerase inhibitors as effective drug classes in this disease.”
“Background: Following primary rhinoplasty, the nasal tip may become wider on front view, possibly due to splaying of the lateral crura. Objectives: The authors describe a technique, the “supratip-plasty,” to create an all-cartilaginous supratip that resists splaying and postoperative broadening of the nasal tip complex. Methods: Thirteen consecutive primary rhinoplasty patients (10 women; 3 men) with broad nasal tips received a supratip-plasty (which preserved the cephalic part of the lateral crus, reducing it in size and securing it to the dorsal septum, resulting in a completely cartilaginous tip framework) and were followed for 11 to 17 months. Since the frontal tip width (TW) is relative to the frontal nasal base width (NBW), the TW/NBW ratio was contrasted to that of 19 unoperated aesthetically pleasing nasal tips. Results: Of the 13 cases, all but 1 were considered to have a good result.

“
“Background/aim Anti-VEGF treatment is the therapy of choice in age-related macular degeneration, and is also applied in diabetic macular oedema or retinal vein occlusion.

Recently, the fusion protein, aflibercept, has been approved for therapeutic use. In this study, we investigate the effects of aflibercept on primary RPE cells. Methods Primary selleck chemical RPE cells were prepared from freshly slaughtered pigs’ eyes. The impact of aflibercept on cell viability was investigated with MTT and trypan blue exclusion assay. The influence of aflibercept on wound healing was assessed with a scratch assay. Intracellular uptake of aflibercept was investigated in immunohistochemistry and its influence on phagocytosis with a phagocytosis assay using opsonised latex beads. Results Aflibercept displays no cytotoxicity on RPE cells but impairs its wound healing ability. It is taken up into RPE cells and can be intracellularly detected for at least 7 days. Intracellular aflibercept impairs the phagocytic capacity of RPE cells. Conclusions Aflibercept interferes with the physiology of RPE cells, as it is taken up into RPE cells, which is accompanied by a reduction

of the phagocytic ability. Additionally, it impairs the wound healing capacity of RPE cells. These effects on the physiology of RPE cells may indicate possible side effects.”
“Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) was originally isolated from human neutrophils and MK-2206 ic50 termed neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). However, the functions of LCN2 and the cell types that are primarily responsible for LCN2 production remain unclear. To address these issues, hepatocyte-specific Lcn2 knockout (Lcn2(Hep-/-)) mice were generated

and subjected to bacterial infection (with Klesbsiella pneumoniae or Escherichia coli) or partial hepatectomy (PHx). Studies of Lcn2(Hep-/-) mice revealed that hepatocytes contributed to 25% of the low basal serum level of LCN2 protein (approximate to 62 ng/mL) but were responsible for more than 90% of the highly elevated HKI-272 serum LCN2 protein level (approximate to 6,000 ng/mL) postinfection and more than 60% post-PHx (approximate to 700 ng/mL). Interestingly, both Lcn2(Hep-/-) and global Lcn2 knockout (Lcn2(-/-)) mice demonstrated comparable increases in susceptibility to infection with K. pneumoniae or E. coli. These mice also had increased enteric bacterial translocation from the gut to the mesenteric lymph nodes and exhibited reduced liver regeneration after PHx. Treatment with interleukin (IL)-6 stimulated hepatocytes to produce LCN2 in vitro and in vivo. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of the IL-6 receptor or Stat3, a major downstream effector of IL-6, markedly abrogated LCN2 elevation in vivo. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that STAT3 was recruited to the promoter region of the Lcn2 gene upon STAT3 activation by IL-6.

N-ChIP assays were also able to detect several other types of chromatin interactions including those with Dlx homeodomain factors and nuclear proteins such as Sin3a that lack an intrinsic DNA-binding motif LY411575 molecular weight and, therefore, bind to chromatin via interactions with other proteins.”
“Purpose: To investigate the heart position variability in deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer when 3D surface imaging would be

used for monitoring the BH depth during treatment delivery. For this purpose, surface setup data were compared with heart setup data.\n\nMaterials and methods: Twenty patients treated with DIBH-RT after breast-conserving surgery were included. Retrospectively, heart registrations Selleck S63845 were performed for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to planning CT. Further, breast-surface

registrations were performed for a surface, captured concurrently with CBCT, to planning CT. The resulting setup errors were compared with linear regression analysis. Furthermore, geometric uncertainties of the heart (systematic [Sigma] and random [sigma]) were estimated relative to the surface registration. Based on these uncertainties planning organ at risk volume (PRV) margins for the heart were calculated: 1.3 Sigma – 0.50 sigma.\n\nResults: Moderate correlation between surface and heart setup errors was found: R-2 = 0.64, 0.37, 0.53 in left-right (LR), cranio-caudal (CC), and in anterior-posterior (AP) direction, respectively. When surface imaging would be used for monitoring, the geometric uncertainties of the heart (cm) are [Sigma = 0.14, sigma = 0.14]; [Sigma = 0.66, sigma = 0.38]; [Sigma = 0.27, sigma = 0.19] in LR; CC; AP. This results in PRV margins of 0.11; 0.67; BGJ398 solubility dmso 0.25 cm in LR; CC; AP.\n\nConclusion: When DIBH-RT after breast-conserving surgery is guided by the breast-surface position then PRV margins should be used to take into account the heart-position variability relative to the breast-surface. (C) 2013 Elsevier

Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: the partograph is a tool used globally to record labour progress. Although it has the potential to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes, some midwives struggle with using it in practice. Training in partograph use is limited, and the theory is often divorced from practice. Innovative ways of improving training are urgently required. We therefore aimed to determine whether the use of an e-learning tool is beneficial for learning partograph skills.\n\nDesign: an uncontrolled before-and-after study was conducted, informed by Kirkpatrick’s four-stage model of evaluation; we report on the first two stages. We included a cohort of third and fourth year midwifery students who were studying at one university in Nairobi.

DNA from white blood cells was isolated and 5-methylcytosine levels of the CpGs sites present in TNF alpha gene promoter (from 170 to +359 pb) were analyzed by Sequenom EpiTyper. Those women with high truncal fat ( >= 52.3%) showed lower 5-methylcytosine levels (P < 0.05) in the site CpG13 (at position +207) and CpG19 (+317 pb) of the TNF alpha gene promoter when were compared to women with lower truncal adiposity. The methylation levels of CpG13 were also correlated with circulating TNF alpha levels, which were higher in those women with mTOR cancer greater truncal adiposity. In a linear regression model, truncal fat,

HDL-cholesterol, insulin, plasma TNF alpha, and daily n-6 PUPA intake explained the methylation levels of CpG13 site +207 by 48% and the average of CpG13 and CpG19 by 43% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, women with higher truncal fat showed lower methylation levels of TNF alpha promoter in

peripheral white blood cells and higher plasma TNF alpha concentrations. DNA methylation levels of TNF alpha promoter were associated with some metabolic features and with n-6 PUFA intake, suggesting a complex nutriepigenomic network in the regulation of this recognized pro-inflammatory marker. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Although see more it is well established that BMP4 plays an important role in the development of hematopoietic system, it is less well understood whether BMP4 affects adult hematopoiesis and how. Here, we describe a novel mechanism by which BMP4 regulates homing HKI272 of murine as well as human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). BMP4 treatment of murine BM derived c-kit(+)Lin(-)Sca-1(+) (KLS) and CD150(+)CD48(-)KLS cells for up to 5 days in vitro prevented the culture-induced loss of Integrin-alpha 4 (ITGA4) expression as well as homing. The effect on ITGA4 expression in response to BMP4 is mediated via SMAD-independent

phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, which activates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), known to induce ITGA4 expression. Elevated ITGA4 expression significantly enhanced HSPC attachment to bone marrow stromal cells, homing and long-term engraftment of the BMP4 treated cells compared with the cells cultured without BMP4. BMP4 also induced expression of ITGA4 on human BM derived Lin(-)CD34(+) cells in culture, which was associated with improved homingpotential. Thus, BMP4 prevents culture-induced loss of ITGA4 expression on HSPCs in a SMAD-independent manner, resulting in improved homing of cultured HSPCs and subsequent hematopoietic reconstitution. (Blood. 2013;121(5):781-790)”
“Background and aims: X linked Alport syndrome is characterised by renal failure, hearing loss, lenticonus, and a central and peripheral dot-and-fleck retinopathy.

(c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 432-437, 2015.”
“Oxidative stress has been implicated in various aspects of aging, but the role of oxidative stress in ovarian aging remains unclear. Our previous studies have shown that the initiation of apoptotic cell death in ovarian follicles and granulosa cells by various stimuli is initiated by increased reactive oxygen species. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ovarian antioxidant defenses decrease and oxidative damage increases with age in mice. Healthy, wild-type C57BL/6 female mice aged 2, 6, 9, or 12 mo from

the National Institute on Aging Aged Rodent Colony were killed on the morning of metestrus. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to measure ovarian mRNA levels of antioxidant genes. Immunostaining using antibodies directed against 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), nitrotyrosine

(NTY), and 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used to localize oxidative JNK-IN-8 price find more lipid, protein, and DNA damage, respectively, within the ovaries. TUNEL was used to localize apoptosis. Ovarian expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) increased and expression of glutaredoxin 1 (Glrx1), glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (Gstm2), peroxiredoxin 3 (Prdx3), and thioredoxin 2 (Txn2) decreased in a statistically significant manner with age. Statistically significant increases in 4-HNE, NTY, and 8-OHdG immunostaining in ovarian interstitial cells and follicles were observed with increasing age. Our data suggest that the decrease in mRNA expression of mitochondrial antioxidants Prdx3

and Txn2 as well as cytosolic antioxidants Glrx1 and Gstm2 may be involved in age-related ovarian oxidative damage to lipid, protein, DNA, and other cellular components vital for maintaining ovarian 3MA function and fertility.”
“Nonerythroid alpha-spectrin (alpha IISp) is a structural protein involved in repair of DNA interstrand cross-links and is deficient in cells from patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), which are defective in ability to repair cross-links. In order to further demonstrate the importance of the role that alpha IISp plays in normal human cells and in the repair defect in FA, alpha IISp was knocked down in normal cells using siRNA. Depletion of alpha IISp in normal cells by siRNA resulted in chromosomal instability and cellular hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand cross-linking agents. An increased number of chromosomal aberrations were observed and, following treatment with a DNA interstrand cross-linking agent, mitomycin C, cells showed decreased cell growth and survival and decreased formation of damage-induced alpha IISp and XPF nuclear foci. Thus depletion of alpha IISp in normal cells leads to a number of defects observed in FA cells such as, chromosome instability and a deficiency in cross-link repair. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

This study shows the dynamic multiple functions of ATM in maintaining genomic stability and preventing tumorigenesis in developing lymphocytes. Oncogene (2010) 29, 957-965; doi:10.1038/onc.2009.394; published online 16 November 2009″
“Melon is an ideal alternative model fruit to examine ethylene perception and sensitivity. Ethylene insensitive 2 (EIN2), an integral membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, is an important regulator of ethylene and other phytohormone signaling. We isolated for the first time a cDNA clone that encoded EIN2 homolog on the basis of melon

(Cucumis melo L. cv. Hetao) fruit total RNA by in silico cloning and reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The cDNA contained an open reading frame of 3876 bp corresponding to a polypeptide of 1291 amino acids click here with a predicted mol wt of 141 kD. The expression patterns of different developmental stages of fruit, vegetative organs, and reproductive tissues and upon the treatment with IAA and ABA were analyzed. CmEIN2 mediates ethylene signals in many processes and is a component of signal transduction by ethylene, auxin, and abscisic acid.”
“The Department of Neurosurgery Sher-i-Kashmir MAPK inhibitor Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Srinagar, a single neurosurgical centre in Kashmir valley, assessed prospectively, under a uniform protocol, 120 patients of severe traumatic

brain edema with acute subdural hematoma by wide decompressive craniectomy with dural-stabs in 60(cases) patients as against conventional dural opening (open dural flap) and removal of acute subdural hematoma in 60(controls) patients during a period of 3 years from Jun. 2006 to Jun. 2009. A free bone flap was elevated and preserved. All patients had GCS (Glassgow Coma Scale)

score of 8 and less. The elective ventilation and ICP monitoring was carried out in all patients. Most patients were young and males with a mean age of 30 years in both groups. The overall survival of the dural-stab group (case-study) was 78.3% with good recovery in 43.3% and a mortality of 21.6% (13/60) as compared to 40% survival in open dural flap PD0325901 (control) group with 11.6% good recovery and a mortality of 60% (36/60). The conventional (open dural flap) procedure to remove the clot proved dangerous in a traumatic “vent-searching” and edematous brain, restricted in a rigid cranial vault. This midway-approach, known in SKIMS as “DuralStabs”, between the only decompressive craniectomy and removal of acute subdural clot by open dural flap (conventional) method, proved much effective in increasing survival of patients with low GCS and severe traumatic brain edema with acute subdural hematoma. In conclusion decompressive craniectomy alone is not sufficient and open dural flap is full of risk in such patients.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) on Moroccan children’s schooling.\n\nMethods: Thirty-three children with JIA were included in this study, having been previously diagnosed according to the classification criteria of the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR). Seventy-four buy Small molecule library healthy children were recruited

to serve as controls. Data was obtained for all children on their school level, educational performance, and attendance. The rate of absenteeism due to health complications was noted.\n\nResults: All healthy children were able to attend school (p<0.0001), while 33% of children with JIA were unable to attend school due to their condition. The students with JIA who were able to attend school were absent much more often than controls (63% compared to 20%), with a highly significant p value (p<0.0001). Slightly less than half of the JIA patients (48.5%) failed in their schooling. In univariate analysis, there was an association between absenteeism and tender joints (p=0.02), disease activity score (DAS28) (p=0.007), Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) (p=0.01), and erythrocyte

sedimentation rate (ESR) (p=0.03). In multivariate analysis, the only association persisted between DAS28 and absenteeism.\n\nConclusions: Our study suggested that the schooling of children with JIA WH-4-023 price was negatively impacted due to the disorder. More studies, with a larger sample of children, are needed to confirm our findings.”
“The study was conducted to investigate drug resistance, OXA-type carbapenemases-encoding genes and genetic

diversity in airborne Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) in burn wards. Airborne A. baumannii were collected in burn wards and their corridors using Andersen 6-stage air sampler from January to June 2011. The isolates susceptibility to 13 commonly used antibiotics was examined according to the CLSI guidelines; OXA-type carbapenemases-encoding genes and molecular diversity of isolates were analyzed, respectively. A total of 16 non-repetitive A. baumannii were isolated, with 10 strains having a resistance rate of greater than 50% against the 13 antibiotics. The resistance rate against ceftriaxone, cyclophosvnamide, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem was 93.75% (15/16), but no isolate observed to be resistant to cefoperazone/sulbactam. Resistance gene analyses BI-D1870 showed that all 16 isolates carried OXA-51, and 15 isolates carried OXA-23 except No.15; but OXA-24 and 0)CA-58 resistance genes not detected. The isolates were classified into 13 genotypes (A-M) according to repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (REP-PCR) results and only six isolates had a homology >= 90%. In conclusion, airborne A. baumannii in the burn wards had multidrug resistance and complex molecular diversity, and OXA-23 and OXA-51 were dominant mechanisms for resisting carbapenems. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.