Access through a 9-French sheath was necessary to introduce the Amplatzer Vascular III plug. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) was used to guide the operator and evaluate the severity of regurgitation postimplantation. Results: In total seven consecutive patients (mean age 72.8 +/- 5.6 years, 86% male) with a history of mitral valve (n = 6) or aortic valve LDK378 replacement and severe PVL, underwent transapical PVL reduction using seven plugs in total (diameter 10-14 mm). Preprocedural median logistic

EuroSCORE was 28.5% (range 17.1-41.1%) and NYHA functional class was >= 3 in all patients. The procedure was successful in all patients, with a median fluoroscopic time of 18.7 min (range 10.1-29.6 min). Postprocedure 3D-TEE showed occlusion of PVL in three patients, and significant reduction in three patients. Postprocedural

complication was a hematothorax requiring surgery in one patient. Median hospitalization duration GW4869 Apoptosis inhibitor after the procedure was 5 days (range 5-59 days). At 3-month follow-up one patient died, functional class and LDH did not differ significantly and there was a significant increase in hemoglobin. Conclusions: Transapical paravalvular leak reduction might be a good or rather attractive alternative in high-risk patients for major re-do cardiac surgery. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis is a still underdiagnosed cause of stroke, with an incidence of about 2.8 events per 100,000 person-years in young women and about 1.3 events per 100,000 person-years in the general population. Puerperium, oral hormonal contraception, and

coagulation disorders remain the most frequently identified risk factors. Initial treatment with heparin is the only proven therapy, although the evidence is based on only two randomized placebo-controlled trials which together included 79 patients. In the case of clinical deterioration under anticoagulation, local thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy may be considered, but clinical efficacy is supported only by case reports. Patients with imminent lateral herniation due to large hemorrhagic infarctions should be treated with prompt surgical decompression. Following the acute phase, oral anticoagulation is recommended for 312 months, and only patients suffering from selleck products a severe coagulopathy or with recurrent cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis should be considered for long-term anticoagulation. Only insufficient experience is available for novel anticoagulants such as thrombin inhibitors or factor Xa antagonists.”
“Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste sensitivity is an inherited trait determined primarily by allelic variation of the taste-receptor gene TAS2R38 on chromosome 7q. Results of prior studies examining the ability to taste PTC in patients with schizophrenia have been mixed because of the difficulties in measuring PTC taste sensitivity behaviorally.

The exponential parameters of the Gaussians are variationally optimized with the aid of the analytical energy gradient determined with respect to those parameters. The calculated state energies are compared with the available experimental data. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3698584]“
“Purpose: To determine the rates of globe-sparing treatment and useful final visual function in patients with primary lacrimal sac/nasolacrimal duct carcinomas treated with multidisciplinary therapy.\n\nMethods: The medical records of 14 patients with primary lacrimal sac/nasolacrimal duct carcinoma treated at 1 institution were retrospectively reviewed.\n\nResults:

The patients were 9 men and 5 women; the median age at diagnosis was 58.5 years (range, 45-73 years). Seven patients presented with epiphora, 7 with a palpable AZD2014 mass in the inferomedial orbit, and 2 with dacryocystitis. In 3 patients, the diagnosis of cancer was not considered

until during or after dacryocystorhinostomy. Seven patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 2 transitional cell carcinoma, 2 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 each adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, and inverted papilloma with carcinoma in situ transformation. Nine AZD7762 patients underwent surgical resection of the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct and resection of the medial upper and lower eyelids, including canaliculi, partial ethmoidectomy, and medial maxillectomy. One patient underwent lacrimal sac biopsy only as another primary malignancy was Selleckchem Tariquidar discovered during the work-up for systemic disease. Four patients underwent orbital exenteration because of extensive involvement of the orbital soft tissue. Radiotherapy was recommended for 13 patients; in 1 patient, radiotherapy was not recommended because the patient had an inverted papilloma with carcinoma in situ transformation that was completely excised. The median radiation dose was 60 Gy. Eight patients received chemotherapy either concurrent with radiation therapy (5 patients), as neoadjuvant treatment (1 patient), or for progressive or metastatic disease (3 patients). The median follow-up time was 27 months (range, 6-96 months). In

10 patients, the globe was spared. In 9 of these 10 patients, visual acuity was the same as at baseline or better than 20/40 at last follow up.\n\nConclusions: With multidisciplinary therapy, the eye can be spared and reasonable visual function can be preserved in most patients with primary lacrimal sac/nasolacrimal duct carcinomas.”
“Objective: To investigate experimentally the time dependent changes of latency, amplitude, threshold of neural response in injured rat facial nerve in a nerve-crush trauma model.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats weighing 220-280 g (12-16 week), were grouped for permanent and transient nerve injury during time course analysis of electrophysiological changes at 1st week, and 1st, 3rd and 6th months.

The time rate of change and acceleration on the HRSD was higher for patients in the combination therapy group. The contrast between the conditions at year 5 was non-significant. However, 28% of the IPT patients showed a sustained remission compared with 11% of the

CM patients (P = 0.032). Early adversity was found to be a moderator of the relationship between click here treatment and outcome.\n\nConclusion:\n\nIn the long-term, a combination of psycho- and pharmacotherapy was superior in terms of sustained remission rates to standard psychiatric treatment. Early trauma should be assessed routinely in depressed patients.”
“The timing of crucial events in plant life cycles is shifting in response to climate change. We use phenology records from PlantWatch Canada ‘Citizen Science’ networks to study recent rapid shifts of flowering phenology and its relationship with climate. The average first flower bloom day of 19 Canadian plant species has advanced by about 9 days during 2001-2012. 73% of the rapid and unprecedented first bloom day advances are explained by changes in mean annual national temperature, allowing the reconstruction of historic

flower phenology records starting from 1948. The overall trends show that plant flowering in Canada is advancing by about 9 days per degrees C. This analysis reveals the strongest biological signal yet of climate warming find more in Canada. This finding has broad implications for niche differentiation among coexisting species, TL32711 competitive interactions between species, and the asynchrony between plants and the organisms they interact with.”
“A geometrical model based on the one formulated by Foxon et al. [J. Cryst. Growth 311, 3423 (2009)] is developed to describe the morphology of AlN shells in GaN-AlN core-shell nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The shell aspect ratio is studied as a function of the atomic beam flux incidence angles and of the ratio between Al and N species. The

comparison between experimental data and the developed geometrical model suggests the diffusion of about 55% of Al atoms from the side walls to the top surface. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.”
“Jatropha curcas shell an abundant residue of the biocombustible industry, was used in its natural form (JN) and treated by non-thermal plasma UP) as biosorbents for the removal of Reactive Red 120 (RR-120) dye from its aqueous solutions. These biosorbents were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and by nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves. The effects of pH, shaking time and temperature on adsorption capacity were studied. In the acidic pH region (pH 2.0), the adsorption of the dye was favorable using both adsorbents.

“
“Resistance to beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors in enterobacteria is a growing problem that has not been intensively studied in Argentina. In the present work, 54/843 enterobacteria collected in a teaching hospital of Buenos Aires city were ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant isolates remaining susceptible to second- and third-generation cephalosporins. The enzymatic mechanisms present in the isolates, which were also amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC)-resistant (18/54) were herein analyzed. Sequencing revealed two different variants of bla(TEM-1), being bla(TEM-1B)

the most frequently detected allelle (10 Escherichia colt, 3 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 Proteus mirabilis and 1 Raoultella terrigena) followed

by bla(TEm-1a) APR-246 clinical trial (1 K. pneumoniae). Amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance seems to be mainly associated with TEM-1 overproduction (mostly in E. colt) or co-expressed with OXA-2-like and/or SHY beta-lactamases (K. pneumoniae and P mirabilis). A new bla(TEM) variant (TEM-163) was described in an E. coli strain having an AMC MIC value of 16/8 mu g/ml. TEM-163 contains Arg(275)Gln and His(289)Leu amino acid substitutions. On the basis of the high specific activity and low IC50 for clavulanic acid observed, the resistance pattern seems to be due to overproduction of the new variant VX-809 research buy of broad spectrum beta-lactamase

rather than to an inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT)-like behavior. (C) 2014 Asociacion Argentina de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.”
“Spontaneous and/or treatment-evoked re-modeling of the CNS following spinal LY2090314 in vivo cord injury is a prerequisite for functional recovery. While there has been considerable interest in the role of endogenous neurotrophins in spontaneous plasticity of several populations of spinal axons, the same cannot be said for morphological changes to dendrites. Here, we examined the responses of dendrites in the mouse lateral spinal nucleus (LSN, a site of sensory integration in the dorsolateral white matter) to exogenous and endogenous neurotrophins. We performed a septuple dorsal rhizotomy, which permanently eliminates sensory input to the spinal cord, and stimulates sprouting of spinal axons. While dendrites showed no change in density following injury alone, they sprouted vigorously (a two-fold increase in density) upon addition of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). On the other hand, endogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) severely restricted dendritic sprouting, as TrkA-Fc treatment also roughly doubled the density of dendritic processes in the LSN. Spontaneous, BDNF- and TrkA-Fc mediated sprouting was unaffected by the absence of p75(NTR).

In conclusion, both I-CaL inactivation and I-NCX activation, using a subcomponent analysis, can be used to report dynamic changes of [Ca2+](nrs). Absolute values obtained by these different methods are within the same range, suggesting that they are reporting on a similar functional compartment near ryanodine receptors. Comparable [Ca2+](nrs) at +10 mV and -20 mV suggests that, although the number of activated release sites differs at these potentials, local gradients at release sites can reach similar values.”
“Background: Methamphetamine (MA) use has been shown to decrease n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA),

a marker of neuronal integrity and viability, on H-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS). find more However, little work has compared H-1-MRS in MA dependent individuals and MA dependent individuals with MA induced psychotic disorder (MAP).\n\nMethods: Twenty six participants with MA dependence (sixteen without psychosis, ten with psychosis – MAP) and nineteen healthy controls underwent 2D-chemical shift imaging H-1-MRS, which included voxels in the anterior cingulate cortices (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC), and frontal white matter. We compared metabolite concentrations relative to phosphocreatine + creatine (PCr + Cr) for n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), n-acetyl-aspartate +

n-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAA + NAAG), glutamate (Glu), glutamate + glutamine (Glu + Gln), 4-Hydroxytamoxifen datasheet myo-inositol, and glycerophosphocholine + phosphocholine (GPC + PCh) across groups.\n\nResults: The MA groups showed significantly decreased relative NAA metabolite concentrations for right ACC and Nutlin-3 cell line right DLPFC, compared with control group. The MA dependent group only showed significantly decreased choline metabolites for right DLPFC, compared with control group. The MAP group’s relative NAA metabolite concentrations were significantly correlated with age of initial use and duration of MA use, these correlates were not apparent in

MA dependent group.\n\nConclusion: MA use is associated with decreased neuronal integrity and viability, specifically in the right ACC and right DLPFC. MA dependence showed active neurodegeneration in the right DLPFC, this was not apparent in the MAP group and may be related to the use of antipsychotic medication in the MAP group. The effects of MA use in MAP suggest that age of initial use presents a mismatch of neuronal plasticity, in frontal white vs. gray matter and duration of use relates to decreased neuronal integrity and viability. Further study is warranted from this initial study of H-1-MRS in MAP, in particular longitudinal assessment of these individuals both neurobiologically (H-1-MRS) and clinically – to determine disease progression. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose of reviewAsthma is a heterogeneous disease with multiple, overlapping phenotypes.

It also functions in most signaling pathways, as a phosphate donor or a precursor for cyclic adenosine monophosphate. ZD1839 molecular weight We show here that inositol pyrophosphates participate in the control of intracellular ATP concentration. Yeasts devoid of inositol pyrophosphates have dysfunctional mitochondria

but, paradoxically, contain four times as much ATP because of increased glycolysis. We demonstrate that inositol pyrophosphates control the activity of the major glycolytic transcription factor GCR1. Thus, inositol pyrophosphates regulate ATP concentration by altering the glycolytic/mitochondrial metabolic ratio. Metabolic reprogramming through inositol pyrophosphates is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that is also preserved in mammalian systems.”
“Ataxia SN-38 telangiectasia mutant (ATM) is an S/T-Q-directed kinase that is critical for the cellular response to double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in DNA. Following DNA damage, ATM is activated and recruited by the MRN protein complex [meiotic recombination 11 (Mre11)/DNA repair protein Rad50/Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 proteins] to sites of DNA damage where ATM phosphorylates multiple substrates to trigger cell-cycle arrest. In cancer cells, this regulation may be faulty, and cell division may proceed even in

the presence of damaged DNA. We show here that the ribosomal s6 kinase (Rsk), often elevated in cancers, can suppress DSB-induced ATM activation in both Xenopus egg extracts and human tumor cell lines. In analyzing each step in ATM activation, we have found that Rsk targets loading of MRN complex components onto DNA at DSB sites. Rsk can phosphorylate the Mre11 protein directly at S676 both in vitro and in intact cells and thereby can inhibit the binding of Mre11 to DNA with DSBs. Accordingly, mutation of S676 to Ala can reverse inhibition of the response to DSBs by Rsk. Collectively,

these data point to Mre11 as an important locus of Rsk-mediated checkpoint inhibition acting upstream of ATM activation.”
“An arthropod-specific peptidergic system, the neuropeptide designated here as natalisin and Alvespimycin its receptor, was identified and investigated in three holometabolous insect species: Drosophila melanogaster, Tribolium castaneum, and Bombyx mori. In all three species, natalisin expression was observed in 3-4 pairs of the brain neurons: the anterior dorso-lateral interneurons, inferior contralateral interneurons, and small pars intercerebralis neurons. In B. mori, natalisin also was expressed in two additional pairs of contralateral interneurons in the subesophageal ganglion. Natalisin-RNAi and the activation or silencing of the neural activities in the natalisin-specific cells in D. melanogaster induced significant defects in the mating behaviors of both males and females. Knockdown of natalisin expression in T. castaneum resulted in significant reduction in the fecundity.

Furthermore, ligand-dependent association of HER2-HER3 receptor tyrosine kinases was observed on a similar timescale and involved the internalisation and accumulation or receptor heterodimers within endosomes. These

data demonstrate the broad applicability of this novel FLIM technique to the spatio-temporal dynamics Selleckchem SBE-β-CD of protein-protein interaction. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America”
“ObjectivesTo compare the risk of pneumonia in older adults receiving donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine for dementia. DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingNationally representative 5% sample of Medicare databases. ParticipantsMedicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older who newly initiated cholinesterase inhibitor therapy

LBH589 in vivo between 2006 and 2009. MeasurementsPneumonia, defined as the presence of a diagnosis code for pneumonia as the primary diagnosis on an inpatient claim or on an emergency department claim followed by dispensing of appropriate antibiotics. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of pneumonia. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative pneumonia definitions and adjustments using high-dimensional propensity scores to test the robustness of the results. ResultsThe mean age of 35,570 new users of cholinesterase inhibitors (30,174 users of donepezil, 1,176 users of galantamine, 4,220 users of rivastigmine) was 82; 75% were women, and 82% were white. The cumulative incidence of pneumonia was 51.9 per 1,000 person-years. The risk of pneumonia for rivastigmine users was 24% lower than that of donepezil users (hazard ratio (HR)=0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.60-0.93). Risk in galantamine users (HR=0.87,

95% CI=0.62-1.23) was not significantly different from risk in donepezil users. Results of subgroup and sensitivity analyses were similar to the primary results. ConclusionThe risk of pneumonia was lower in individuals AS1842856 purchase receiving rivastigmine than in those receiving donepezil. Additional studies are needed to confirm the findings of pneumonia risk between the oral and transdermal forms of rivastigmine and in users of galantamine.”
“Background: Several studies have investigated the effect of known adult body mass index (BMI) associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on BMI in childhood. There has been no genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BMI trajectories over childhood. Methods: We conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of BMI trajectories from 1 to 17 years of age in 9377 children (77 967 measurements) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Genome-wide significant loci were examined in a further 3918 individuals (48 530 measurements) from Northern Finland. Linear mixed effects models with smoothing splines were used in each cohort for longitudinal modelling of BMI.

Confocal microscopy demonstrated beta-haematin formation occurs in association with the lipid particles.\n\nConclusions: Kinetics of beta-haematin formation have shown that haemozoin-associated neutral lipids alone are capable of mediating beta-haematin formation at adequate rates under physiologically realistic conditions of ion concentrations to account for haemozoin formation.”
“Endovenous laser treatment has been around for more than

a decade. A brief history of circumstances that have made this treatment modality DAPT mw possible is provided.”
“Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease that affects up to 20% of children and impacts the quality of patients and families in a significant manner. New insights into the pathophysiology of AD point to an important role of structural abnormalities in the epidermis combined with immune dysregulation. Filaggrin (FLG) is synthesized as a large precursor, profilaggrin, and is expressed in the upper layers of the epidermis. FLG plays a critical role in the epidermal barrier, and FLG mutations cause abnormal epidermal function. FLG mutations are strongly associated with early-onset, and persistent severe AD. In addition, FLG deficiency in the epidermis is related to allergic sensitization and asthma. The basic skin care including repair and protection of the skin barrier

with proper hydration and topical anti-inflammatory therapy is important to control the severity of skin disease in patients with AD.”
“Background: We studied the use of cortico-cancellous circular allograft combined with cannulated screw fixation for ON-01910 nmr the correction of dorsolateral peritalar subluxation Adriamycin supplier in a series of children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy undergoing single event multilevel surgery.\n\nMethods: Forty-six children who underwent bilateral subtalar fusion between January 1999 and December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Gait laboratory records, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels, Functional Mobility Scale (FMS)

scores, and radiographs were reviewed. The surgical technique used an Ollier type incision with a precut cortico-cancellous allograft press-fit into the prepared sinus tarsi. One or two 7.3mm fully threaded cancellous screws were used to fix the subtalar joint. Radiographic analysis included preoperative and postoperative standing lateral radiographs measuring the lateral talocalcaneal angle, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and navicular cuboid overlap. Fusion rate was assessed with radiographs > 12 months after surgery.\n\nResults: The mean patient age was 12.9 years (range, 7.8 to 18.4 y) with an average follow-up of 55 months. Statistically significant improvement postoperatively was found for all 3 radiographic indices: lateral talocalcaneal angle, mean improvement 20 degrees (95% CI, 17.5-22.1; P < 0.001); lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, mean improvement 21 degrees (95% CI, 19.2-23.4; P < 0.

“
“Objective-To determine the association among signalment, health status, other clinical variables, and treatments and events during cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) with the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) for animals with cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in a veterinary teaching hospital.\n\nDesign-Cross-sectional study.\n\nAnimals-161 dogs and 43 cats with CPA.\n\nProcedures-Data were gathered Proteasome inhibitor during a 60-month period on animals that had CPA and underwent CPCR. Logistic regression was used to evaluate effects of multiple predictors for ROSC.\n\nResults-56 (35%) dogs and 19 (44%) cats had successful CPCR. Twelve (6%) animals (9 dogs and 3 cats) were discharged

from the hospital. Successfully resuscitated dogs were significantly more likely to have been treated with mannitol, lidocaine, fluids, dopamine, corticosteroids,

or vasopressin; had CPA while anesthetized; received chest compressions while positioned in lateral recumbency; and had a suspected cause of CPA other than hemorrhage or anemia, shock, hypoxemia, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, cerebral trauma, malignant arrhythmia, or an anaphylactoid reaction and were less likely to have been treated with multiple doses of epinephrine, had a longer duration of CPA, or had multiple disease conditions, Selleck AZD5363 compared with findings in dogs that were not successfully resuscitated. Successfully resuscitated cats were significantly more likely to have had more people participate in CPCR and less likely to have had shock as the suspected cause of CPA, compared with findings in Ion Channel Ligand Library cats that were not successfully resuscitated.\n\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance-The prognosis was grave for animals with CPA, except for those that had CPA while anesthetized. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009;235:50-57)”
“Darier disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant skin disease. Treatment is often difficult and unsatisfactory because of the chronic nature of the condition

and the irritant potential of various therapeutic agents. Systemic vitamin A derivatives such as acitretin and isotretinoin are the treatment of choice, but their use is often limited by class-specific side-effects. Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid), has antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory potential, and is licensed for the systemic treatment of chronic hand eczema in a number of countries. Unlike acitretin, alitrenoin requires contraception in women of childbearing age to be extended for only 1month after the end of treatment. There is evidence that alitretinoin might be a well-tolerated alternative for the systemic treatment of various retinoid-responsive skin diseases. We present two cases of women with refractory DD successfully treated with alitretinoin without marked side-effects, who both obtained near-complete remission of their skin lesions.”
“Over the last several decades, researchers have achieved remarkable progress in the field of organometallic chemistry.

\n\nStudy

Design: Controlled laboratory study; Level of evidence, 3.\n\nMethods: Ten women between the ages of 23 to 37 years with PFP and 10 sex-, age-, and activity-matched pain-free controls participated. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the patellofemoral joint was performed at baseline and after participants performed 50 deep knee bends. C188-9 mw Differences in baseline cartilage thickness and T2 relaxation time, as well as the postexercise change in patellar cartilage thickness and T2 relaxation time, were compared between groups.\n\nResults: Individuals with PFP demonstrated reductions in baseline cartilage thickness of 14.0% and 14.1% for the lateral patellar facet and total patellar cartilage, respectively. Similarly, individuals with PFP exhibited significantly lower postexercise cartilage thickness change for the lateral patellar facet (2.1% vs 8.9%) and the total patellar cartilage (4.4% vs 10.0%) when compared with the control group. No group differences in baseline or postexercise change in T2 relaxation time were found.\n\nConclusion: The findings suggest that a baseline reduction in patellar cartilage thickness and a reduced deformational behavior click here of patellar cartilage following an acute bout of loading are associated with presence of PFP symptoms.”
“Photocarrier recombination kinetics was studied in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)/methanofullerene

composites by measuring the photocurrent of surface-type photocells. The photocurrent exhibited fast and persistent components. The light-intensity dependence of the photocurrent and the analysis of decay curves of the persistent component indicated the dominance of quadrimolecular recombination (QR) between two positive carriers on regioregular polymers and two negative carriers Autophagy Compound Library cell assay on methanofullerenes in the time range of 0.1 to 100s. No QR but bimolecular recombination was observed in cells containing regiorandom polymers, consistent with light-induced electron spin resonance studies. These results differ markedly from those of sandwich-type cells in which photocarriers flow out

of the cell prior to the recombination, demonstrating an advantage of the surface-type photocell with larger electrode spacing in studying the recombination of long-lived photocarriers. At high methanofullerene concentrations above 50wt%, the fast component predominates over the persistent one by annealing owing to percolation of the pathway for negative carriers. (C) 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics”
“This essay proposes that highly localized communication between free and bound spermatozoa in the caudal portion of the oviduct acts to regulate the numbers detaching from the epithelium and progressing to the site of fertilization close to the time of ovulation. Low initial sperm:egg ratios are essential for monospermic fertilization.