What of the future? There is growing awareness Dabrafenib ic50 of the emerging gap between fish supply and demand in several Pacific island nations [1] and [28], with inland aquaculture considered one of three options to fill this gap, and with

tilapia receiving particular attention [31]. Such analyses have to date been largely macro-level, with limited attention to other factors determining food and nutrition security; for example the differences between inland and coastal populations explored in this study, or intra-household distribution, a key factor in addressing under-nutrition in children [38]. The research indicates that Mozambique tilapia has a high degree of acceptability, but is there a role for a farmed supply? Mozambique tilapia farming systems in Solomon Islands are low in productivity, supplying few fish, although there may be opportunities for improvement. Whilst Mozambique tilapia is widely considered in Asia and the Pacific as a poorly performing aquaculture MK-8776 clinical trial fish

due to its slow growth rate and early sexual maturity [43] and [51] small fish per se are clearly not a constraint for consumers in Solomon Islands, and there may be opportunities for productive culture of small fish. Such systems have become important sources of fish for the poor elsewhere. In Sri Lanka for example, it is still prized [53] and whilst the species does not grow to a large size, it can be productive, with sizes that are accessible to poor consumers, at low cost. Fish for food security calculations [1] and [28] suggest that Solomon Islands may require between 6000 and 20,000 t from aquaculture by 2030. Such supply volumes, though, are unlikely to be achieved

by backyard pond farming of Mozambique tilapia. Coupled with a slow growth rate, Mozambique tilapia productivity is one of the lowest of all tilapia old species [50]. With an optimistic annual productivity of 5 t/ha, typical, 100 m2 backyards ponds would produce, under optimal management, perhaps 50 kg of fish per year. Whilst significant for a household of five persons, more than 120,000 such ponds would be required to produce 6000 t of fish, which seems unlikely. Increasing urban populations will also restrict opportunities for homestead fish farming among many households, leading to a conclusion that a combination of homestead and more commercial enterprises would likely be required to supply future demand. The interactions and combination of these two types requires further research. Commercial farming is probably not feasible with Mozambique tilapia, as the species is unlikely to attract commercial investment, due to poor farming characteristics [42] and [52]. Introduction of new strains remains a possibility. Nile tilapia is being considered for introduction by government and would conceivably be a better candidate species.