Thus, overweight becomes more widely prevalent in the wider society. Coupled with the recently emerging paradigms of developmental programming and mismatch of the early and later environments,23 these manifestations of affluence portend a future epidemic (already emerging in some countries)24 of diabetes and other non-communicable BYL719 diseases. We owe our children a better future. We need an evidence base that provides policy-makers with data on the emerging epidemic of obesity and its sequelae, and with evidence-based options to tackle the determinants of these epidemics. The article by Silveira et al. sounds an alarm. How will we respond? US National
Institutes of Health; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Grand Challenges Canada The author declares no conflicts of interest. “
“Preterm birth, defined as birth before 37 full weeks, remains the leading cause of GDC-0199 price death and complications in
the neonatal period and a major cause of these outcomes in childhood. However, clinical investigations have traditionally focused on premature infants born at a gestational age (GA) of 32 weeks or less, which are obviously at greatest risk. Only recently preterm infants with GA > 33 or 34 weeks have been evaluated more carefully. In practice, newborns with GA of 34 to 36 weeks and six days tend to be considered, both by obstetricians and neonatologists, as having a very similar risk to those born at term. This attitude is reflected in the obstetrician’s routine, for instance, regarding the greater tolerance toward interrupting the pregnancy when there are maternal and/or fetal complications from 34 weeks on,1 as well
as in the neonatologist’s routine, regarding the tendency to keep these newborns in low-risk nurseries or rooming-in care2 and provide early discharge.3 These practices are due, at least in part, to results of studies by Goldenberg et al.4 and by De Palma et al.5 These authors evaluated the gain for each additional week of gestation between 22 and 37 weeks in increased survival and decreased risk of complications and/or sequelae. They observed that the benefits become less important and more difficult to detect from 33 to 34 weeks on. However, Tangeritin these authors did not compare these results with those of children born at term. More recent studies have shown, however, that despite having a lower risk than premature infants with lower GA, preterm infants born between 34 and 36 weeks have a much higher risk of death and complications than those born at term. Moreover, as the number of births at this GA is greater than at younger ages, the absolute number of deaths and complications may also be higher. The concern regarding these findings led the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the United States to organize a working group to study this theme.