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“Objective Current treatments for cancer pain are often inadequate, particularly when metastasis to bone is involved. The addition to the treatment regimen of another drug that has a complementary analgesic effect may increase the

overall analgesia without the necessity to increase doses, thus EX 527 cost avoiding dose-related side effects. This project investigated the synergistic effect of the addition of the potassium channel (KCNQ23) modulator flupirtine to morphine treatment in a rat model of prostate cancer-induced bone pain. Design Syngeneic prostate cancer cells were injected into the right tibia of male Wistar rats under anesthesia. This led to expanding tumor within the

bone in 2 weeks, together with the concurrent development of hyperalgesia to noxious heat. Paw withdrawal thresholds from noxious heat were measured before and after the maximum non-sedating doses of morphine and flupirtine given alone and in combinations. Dose-response curves for morphine (0.135.0?mg/kg ip) and flupirtine selleck products (1.2510.0?mg/kg ip) given alone and in fixed-dose combinations were plotted and subjected to an isobolographic analysis. Results Both morphine (ED50?=?0.74?mg/kg) and flupirtine (ED50?=?3.32?mg/kg) caused dose-related anti-hyperalgesia at doses that did not cause sedation. Isobolographic analysis revealed that there was a synergistic interaction between flupirtine and morphine. Addition of flupirtine to morphine treatment improved morphine anti-hyperalgesia, and resulted in the reversal of cancer-induced heat hyperalgesia. Conclusions These results suggest that flupirtine in combination with morphine may be useful clinically to provide better analgesia at lower morphine doses in the management of pain caused by tumors growing in bone.”
“To assess the reliability and validity of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory AG-014699 concentration 4.0 (PedsQL(TM) 4.0) in children

living with HIV. Also to determine the association of HIV infection, treatment regimens, and type of care received on quality of life (QoL) in pediatric patients.

Study was conducted from January to December 2008 at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India at the HIV pediatric outpatient department (OPD). PedsQL(TM) 4.0 was administered to 100 HIV-infected and 200 uninfected children aged 8-12 years and their primary caregivers.

Internal consistency reliability exceeded 0.70 for both proxy-reported and self-reported scales. Intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated mainly larger values for parent proxy-report (interval of 0.926-0.952 with 95% confidence) than for child self-report (interval of 0.891-0.928 with 95% confidence). Factor analysis was performed and it indicated that five factors were extracted from the PedsQL(TM) 4.