Furthermore, replacing wheat flour with 50% buckwheat or whole wheat flours maintained the volume index and textural

properties of cakes. Therefore, substituting up to 50% of whole grain flour for wheat flour in cake formulation produces acceptable quality as well as health benefits (lower predicted glycemic index and increased nutritional value).”
“Reinforcement of cementitious materials with short fibers has been proved to be an economical and effective way to convert these brittle materials to ductile selleckchem products. Many fibers with different geometries have been used as reinforcement materials. Fibers bonding to cementitious materials play an important role in mechanical performance of these composites. This article

describes the performance of (homemade) fibers as reinforcement in cement-based materials by investigation on bonding characteristic of fiber to cement matrix. To this end, the fibers (glass, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and high strength nylon 66 (N66)) are characterized using microscopy analysis, tensile strength, and alkali attack tests. The fibers embedded in the cement matrix, then, pulled-out to evaluate their bonding to cementitious materials. SEM analysis is used to study fiber/cement interfacial transition zone. The results show that PAN fibers have the advantages of preparing for cementitious reinforcement. It was found that the reinforcing efficiency of fibers-reinforced cementitious composites was strongly depending on interfacial contact GTPL8918 area in fiber/matrix interface and chemical/physical properties of fibers. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 1247-1253, 2010″
“Electronic structure

and magnetic properties for GdFeSi have been studied theoretically from a first-principles Selleckchem OSI 906 density functional calculation. The energy band structure is calculated in a local spin density approximation (LSDA)+Hubbard U approach (LSDA+U). For Gd atoms, seven spin up 4f bands are fully occupied, while the spin down 4f hole levels are completely unoccupied and well above the Fermi level. The calculated magnetic moment of Gd is 7.20 mu(B), leading to a total magnetization of 7.1 mu(B) per formula unit due to the small induced negative moments at Fe and Si atoms. The intersites exchange coupling parameters J(ij) of the Heisenberg model have been derived using a linear-response method based on the calculated band structure. The exchange coupling parameters for the nearest Gd-Gd pair (J(Gd-Gd)) is 0.19 mRy. J(Gd-Gd) decreases rapidly with increasing the intersites distance and shows a Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida-like oscillation. The estimated Curie temperature is about 145 K from the calculated exchange coupling parameters based on the mean-field approximation, in good agreement with the experimental value (T(C)(exp.) = 135 K). (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.