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“The goal of this research was to determine the effects of beta-adrenergic antagonism in the IC before or after inhibitory avoidance (IA) training or context pre-exposure in a latent

inhibition protocol. Pretraining intra-IC infusion of the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol disrupted subsequent IA retention and impaired latent inhibition of IA, but had this website no effect on formation of memory for an inert context (termed incidental memory). These results indicate that IC beta-adrenergic receptors are necessary for memory acquisition of an aversive, but not an inconsequential, context. Nevertheless, subsequent association of a familiar and hitherto inconsequential context with an unconditioned stimulus (US) does require activation of these receptors during its initial acquisition.”
“This study investigates the extent to which the diagnostic performance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; both 20- and 10-item versions) varies with cognitive status, and whether the same threshold can be applied regardless of cognitive status. Three hundred and BI-D1870 in vivo ninety-six persons aged 60+ referred for psychiatric assessment were broken down into four groups depending on age (< 70 and >= 70) and dementia status (mild

vs. none). All were independently interviewed using the CES-D before their first evaluation by a psychiatrist. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that both versions of the CES-D produced essentially identical results, Adenylyl cyclase regardless of age and dementia status. Both versions were more or less robust to the effect of mild dementia but were vulnerable to the effect of age itself. Furthermore, the optimal threshold for the 20-item version varied

somewhat across the different age-dementia groups, and no clear-cut threshold existed in old-old persons with dementia. On the contrary, the same threshold of 12 can be adopted for the 10-item version, regardless of age and dementia status. Compared with the full 20-item scale, the 10-item version has the added advantage of an identical threshold across age and cognitive status. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Frederic Gibbs’ (1903-1992) long research career was devoted to the understanding and treatment of epileptic phenomena and closely associated with the development of electroencephalography (EEG). After medical school, he joined the Harvard Neurological Unit at Boston City Hospital directed by Stanley Cobb. In the early 1930s, Gibbs developed a thermoelectric blood flow probe and, with William Lennox, proved in animals and humans that a seizure increases cerebral blood flow.