Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery using titanium cable seems to be a good option for the treatment of Neer IIB distal clavicle fractures, with early functional recovery and no requirement for revision surgery.”
“The pathological changes of subchondral bone during osteoarthritis (OA)

development in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the longitudinal alterations of subchondral bone using a rat TMJ-OA model developed in our laboratory. selleck compound Changes in bone mass were examined by micro-CT, and changes in osteoblast and osteoclast activities were analyzed by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and TRAP staining. Subchondral bone loss was detected from 8 weeks after dental occlusion alteration and reached the maximum at 12 weeks, followed by a repair phase until 32 weeks. Although bone mass increased at late stages,

poor mechanical structure and lower bone mineral density (BMD) were found in these rats. The numbers of TRAP-positive cells were increased at 12 weeks, while the numbers of osteocalcin-expressing cells were increased at both 12 and 32 weeks. Levels of mRNA expression of TRAP and cathepsin K were increased at 12 weeks, while levels of ALP and osteocalcin were increased at both 12 and 32 weeks. These findings demonstrated that there is an active bone remodeling in subchondral bone in TMJs in response to alteration in occlusion, although new bone was formed with lower BMD and poor mechanical properties.”
“Objective: To investigate the significance of pelvic pain and its association with defecatory symptoms in women

FK228 with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Study Design: This is a cross sectional study of 248 women with stage II POP or greater. Women were stratified into “”pain” and “”no-pain” groups based on their response to a question on the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory short form. Associations between patient demographics, exam findings and responses to validated questionnaires were evaluated. Results: In women with POP, defecatory symptoms are significantly more common in women with pelvic pain including straining with bowel movement (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3, 4.6), sense of incomplete emptying (OR 4.4, 95% CI 2.3, 8.2), pain with Fer-1 bowel movement (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.2, 23.0) and splinting with bowel movement (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.0, 7.5). Conclusion: In women with POP, the symptom of pelvic pain is associated with the presence of defecatory symptoms. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1305-1308, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Purpose: To evaluate our experience in the combined treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and bladder lithiasis with GreenLight (TM) and holmium laser, respectively, on an outpatient basis.

Patients and Methods: From August 2006 to May 2009, 20 patients with prostatic hyperplasia and bladder lithiasis were treated.