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“Polymer grafting is a widely used technique in modifying the properties of cellulose fibers. Many methods, such as free find more radical, esterification reactions and layer-by-layer adsorption, have been applied for grafting polymer on different substrates. In this study, a facile method to graft biodegradable starch on fib er Surface through the hydrogen bond formation among cellulose, starch, and ammonium zirconium
(TV) carbonate (AZC) was developed. The effects of grafting conditions, including pH, temperature, fiber consistency, crosslinker, starch dosage, and mechanical agitation on the grafting yield were systematically investigated. Optical and electron microscopes clearly revealed that, after grafting, the fiber Surface was covered Navitoclax price by hydrogel of starch. The significant
improvements of water retention value (WRV) of fibers with starch grafting were also demonstrated in this study. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 3019-3026, 2009″
“This study was performed to examine the effects of different cooking methods (frying, steaming, oven cooking, and microwave cooking) on proximate chemical composition, mineral contents, and fatty acids profiles of red mullet (Mullus barbatus) fillets. The frying process caused a significant increase in fat content (from 13.37 +/- 0.04 to 34.44 +/- 0.20 g/100 g d.w.) and reduced the proportion of the palmitic acid of 50.73% and saturated fatty acids of 56.9%. While, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased from 4.04% of total fatty acids for raw fillet to 49.17% of total fatty acids for fried fillets. The steamed, oven-cooked, and microwave-cooked
fillets showed the best proportion of fat content, PUFA, and omega-6/omega-3 ratio as compared with fried red mullet GW786034 Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor fillets. Na, Mg, and Zn contents of cooked fish fillets significantly decreased.”
“Background: We investigated an outbreak of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections that occurred among healthcare workers (HCWs) but not among residents of a long-term care facility (LTCF).
Methods: Cases of S. aureus infection were sought by reviewing the medical records of residents and HCWs. In order to identify risk factors for the development of an S. aureus infection, an unmatched case-control study was conducted. Cases were all HCWs with a clinically compatible S. aureus infection; controls were HCWs with no history of a clinically compatible S. aureus infection. Cases and controls were interviewed and anterior nasal swabs were collected.
Results: Over a period of 14 months, a total of eight cases were identified among practice nurses, giving an attack rate of 10% for this category of profession. All isolates were identified as MRSA Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producing SCCmec type IV.