These techniques revealed that Pt ALD does not nucleate and grow

These techniques revealed that Pt ALD does not nucleate and grow immediately on the Al2O3 ALD substrates. There was negligible Pt ALD during GW4064 in vitro the first 38 ALD cycles. The Pt ALD growth rate then increased substantially during the next 12 ALD cycles. Subsequently, the Pt ALD growth rate reached a steady state linear growth regime for > 50 ALD cycles. These measurements suggest that the Pt ALD first forms a number of nanoclusters that grow slowly during

the first 38 ALD cycles. These islands then merge during the next 12 cycles and yield a steady state Pt ALD growth rate of similar to 0.05 nm/cycle for > 50 ALD cycles. The Pt ALD film at the onset of the steady state linear growth regime was approximately 2-3 nm in thickness. However, the SEM images of these Pt ALD films appeared corrugated and wormlike. These films also had a density that was only 50-70% of bulk Pt. Film densities that were consistent with bulk Pt were not observed until after > 100 ALD cycles when the Pt ALD films appeared much smoother and were 4-5 nm in thickness. The Pt ALD nucleation rate could be enhanced somewhat using different O-2 plasma parameters. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3555091]“
“Series check details of polyacrylamide hydrogels with high mechanical strength were synthesized using hydrophilic reactive microgels (HRM) with C=C double bonds as crosslinkers. The hydrophilic

microgels were prepared by inverse emulsion photopolymerization and then were chemical modified by N-methylolacrylamide

(NMA) to obtain HRM. Chemical-modifying conditions affecting the HRM double bound content were investigated. The maximum double-bond content was 1.82% at the optimum conditions of NMA 8 g, hydrochloric acid 0.8 mL, reaction temperature 60 degrees C, and time 4 h. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were significantly enhanced by using HRM as crosslinkers instead of the conventional crosslinkers. These HRM hydrogels were studied by varying such parameters as HRM content, monomer concentration, HRM double- bond content, and the initiator dosage. (C) 2011 BI 10773 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 2594-2603, 2011″
“The current study investigates the magnetic properties of the GdxZn1-xO, with x 0: 0625 and 0.0185, doped semiconductor using the full potential (linearized) augmented plane wave plus local orbital method. We show that in contrast to the findings of Shi et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 023910 (2009)], the implementation of the Hubbard U parameter to the Gd f states favors an antiferromagnetic phase in both wurtzite GdO and GdxZn1-xO. Spin polarized calculations on GdxZn1-xO indicate that, even if a ferromagnetic ground state were favored, the magnetic influence of Gd in a perfect ZnO wurtzite lattice is highly localized and limited to the first three nearest neighboring O atoms.

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