The current ISTH-SSC on VWF has appointed a working party that will compare all available activity tests with the VWF:RCo assay and will report during 2014. In conclusion, the novel VWF activity assays appear to offer significant advantages over the VWF:RCo assay. However, a lack of independent evaluations on all VWD types does not allow moving away from old assays to new ones, yet. However, it can be argued that the simplicity of the novel assays makes it feasible

to improve the diagnostic capability for VWD in laboratories with poor experiences with the VWF:RCo assay. For many patients with an initial diagnosis of VWD, the testing described Selleck CHIR 99021 above provides sufficient information to type and subtype the patient’s disorder. As treatment may differ with VWD type, it is important to ascertain disease classification, but for a small proportion of patients, specific laboratory tests for VWD do not adequately provide this information. Genetic analysis can help determine the molecular defect(s) responsible for the patient’s bleeding and aid in classification. In

addition, families with recessively inherited type 3 VWD may request prenatal diagnosis (PND), and ascertaining HKI-272 chemical structure mutation(s) in an affected individual can facilitate this. The VWF gene is relatively large spanning 178 kb of genomic DNA with 52 exons encoding the 8.8 kb mRNA and the 2813 amino acid VWF monomer. Genetic analysis of VWF may include two main processes: 上海皓元 (i) analysis of relevant regions of the gene for point mutations using Sanger DNA sequencing, or a sequence variant scanning process such as confirmation sensitive gel electrophoresis followed by Sanger sequencing to identify amplicons with altered behaviour in comparison with wild-type sequence; (ii) analysis of the gene for large deletions or duplications of an

exon or more, using multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MRC Holland) [23] or comparative genomic hybridization [24]. There is generally little doubt about diagnosis of this severe recessive form of VWD, apart from its discrimination from severe type 1 disease. Mutation analysis in the index case may be requested to determine the causative mutation(s) and to facilitate confirmation in each parent’s DNA prior to prenatal diagnosis for a further pregnancy. Use of dosage analysis plus DNA sequence analysis can identify mutations in upwards of 90% of type 3 VWD alleles, but a small proportion of patients remain in whom only one or no mutations are identified following these analyses [25]. mRNA analysis may help to identify missing mutations. The PND can be undertaken on chorionic villus samples obtained at 11–13 weeks of gestation or on amniocentesis samples taken at 16–18 weeks, the latter requiring cell culture to obtain sufficient DNA.