6%) were in A2 category (ACR 30–299 mg/g·creatinine) and 28 (7.3%) were in A3 category (ACR ≧ 300 mg/g·creatinine). Of note, in 290 subjects who presented a negative result by the dipstick tests of urinary protein, A2 and A3 levels of albuminuria were
found in the 103 patients (35.5%). Regarding the relationship between albuminuria and presence of diabetes mellitus, A2 and A3 levels of albuminuria were found in 46.3% of non-diabetic patients and in 52.6% of diabetic patients, suggesting that albuminuria was not characteristic in the diabetic patients. In a multiple logistic regression model, gender, dyslipidemia and eGFR were demonstrated to be a risk factor for a previous CVD, however albuminuria selleckchem was not. Conclusion: This study revealed that the high proportion of albuminuria was confirmed even in the non-diabetic hypertensive
patients. The importance of albuminuria assessment in the hypertensive patients by using a semi-quantitative screening test was indicated. ITANO SEIJI, SATOH MINORU, KIDOKORO KENGO, SASAKI TAMAKI, KASHIHARA NAOKI Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School Introduction: Tetrahydorbiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for endothelial Nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), is easily oxidized by oxidative stress. In such condition, eNOS generates superoxide rather than NO (eNOS-uncoupling), thus further aggravates oxidative stress. Certain class of calcium channel blocker (CCB) has shown to improve endothelial dysfunction by ‘recoupling’ eNOS. We clonidine investigated the molecular mechanisms https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pexidartinib-plx3397.html underlying recoupling of eNOS and reno-protective effects by two different classes of CCBs, Benidipine(T/L type) and Amlodipine(L type). Methods: We used 6 week-old male Dahl salt sensitive (Dahl) rats and treated them with either Benidipine (BE:3 mg/kg/day) or Amlodipine (AM:3 mg/mg/day) for 4 weeks. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE), glomerular BH4 level, expression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH I), a rate-limiting enzyme of BH4 synthesis, were evaluated
in the kidney tissues. Production of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney tissues were imaged by confocal laser microscopy after renal perfusion with two types of fluorescent dyes, DCFH-DA and DAR-4M AM, ROS and NO indicators respectively. Results: With elevation of blood pressure, increased UAE were observed in Dahl group. Furthermore, glomerular BH4 level and GTPCH I expression were decreased in the kidney tissues of Dahl group. Exacerbated ROS production and diminished bioavailable NO were noted in the glomeruli of Dahl group. Western analysis revealed eNOS uncoupling in Dahl kidney. No significant difference in blood pressure was observed between BE group and AM group. However, all the above mentioned changes were ameliorated to a greater degree in BE group.